ISO Lead Auditor Interview Questions

Top Cybersecurity Interview Questions & Answers

1. In which ways Trace route help you to find out where a breakdown in communication is?

Traceroute allows you to see what routers you touch as you move along the chain of connections to your final destination. It helps locate where the chain of connections stops, allowing you to troubleshoot firewalls or ISPs.

2. What is the need to use SSH from a Windows PC?

SSH (Secure Shell) is used to interact with remote servers and devices securely. It is beneficial for secure file transfers, Git repository access, command-line operations, and more.

3. What is the difference between Symmetric Encryption and Asymmetric Encryption?

Symmetric encryption uses one key for both encryption and decryption, while asymmetric encryption uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption, offering more security but slower performance.

4. What is SSL and why it’s not enough when it comes to encryption?

SSL (Secure Socket Layer) provides a secure connection but doesn't offer strong encryption. SSL can be stripped, making additional layers of security necessary for data-in-transit and data-at-rest.

5. What is the Post Code and its meaning?

POST (Power-On Self-Test) uses LED displays or audio tones to show system errors during boot. It helps identify system setup issues, especially when the system doesn't boot.

6. How Black Hat is different from White Hat?

Black hat hackers exploit systems for personal gain, while white hat hackers use their skills to find and fix vulnerabilities to improve security within legal and ethical frameworks.

7. A password-protected BIOS setting has to be reset. How do you proceed?

You can reset a password-protected BIOS by removing the CMOS battery for 15-30 minutes to reset the settings to their defaults, including the BIOS password.

8. What is XSS?

XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) is an attack where malicious scripts are injected into trusted websites, exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications that don't properly validate or encode user input.

9. From Mac box or Linux, how you should login to Active Directory?

Active Directory can be accessed from Linux or Mac using the Samba program, which allows file sharing, printing, and AD membership.

10. What does salted hashes?

Salted hashes protect password hashes against attacks by adding random data (a salt) to the password before hashing it, increasing security against dictionary attacks.

11. What are the three methods to authenticate the individual?

Authentication can be done through something they know (password), something they have (token), and something they are (biometrics).

12. How do you judge if the remote server is running IIS or Apache?

Error messages or the server's response can reveal whether a remote server is running IIS or Apache if no custom error pages are set up.

13. What does it mean to Data Protection in transit vs data protection at rest?

Data at rest refers to stored data on a hard drive or database, while data in transit refers to data moving from server to client.

14. If you see that the user is logging in as Root to perform essential functions, then it is a problem?

Logging in as Root can be risky. Instead, users should use "sudo" to perform tasks as a superuser to minimize the time spent with elevated permissions and reduce risks.

15. By which method you save your home wireless access point?

You can protect a home wireless access point by using WPA2, not broadcasting the SSID, and using MAC address filtering.

16. When it comes to Windows Network, why does it break into a local account rather than an AD account?

Windows local accounts have older security compatibility issues, whereas Active Directory accounts have added security and are harder to break into.

17. What is the CIA triangle?

The CIA triangle stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. It forms the basis of security approaches and helps identify vulnerabilities.

18. What are Vulnerabilities and Exploits?

Vulnerabilities are weaknesses in a system, while exploits are tools used to take advantage of those vulnerabilities, often for malicious purposes.

19. What is worse in Firewall Detection? A false negative or false positive? Why?

A false negative is worse because it allows malicious activity to go undetected, leaving the system vulnerable. False positives are disruptive but less harmful than false negatives.

20. What is the difference between a White Box Test and a Black Box Test?

A Black Box Test examines external behavior without considering the system's internals, while a White Box Test examines the internal structure and workings of the system.

Conclusion

These cybersecurity interview questions provide a solid foundation for understanding key concepts and answering technical questions in an interview. Preparing thoroughly and staying confident will help you succeed in any cybersecurity interview.

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